Population: 9,832,017 (2009, CIA est.)
(this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare)

Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
Religions: Sunni Muslim

Ethnic Groups: Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)

Capital: Mogadishu

Date of Independence: July 1, 1960 (British Somaliland, which became independent from Great Britain on June 26, 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from Italian-administered UN trusteeship on July 1, 1960, merged to form the Somali Republic.)

Government: no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government

Last Elections: N/A

Suffrage: Universal at 18

GDP: $5.524 billion (2008, CIA est.)

GDP per Capita: $600 (2008, CIA est.)

External Debt: $3.628 billion (2007, World Bank)

Unemployment: 47.4% (2002, World Bank Report)

Poverty Rate: 44.8% (2001, population below $1 a day, World Bank)

Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10%: N/A

Gini Index: N/A

Literacy: male 49.7%, female 25.8% (2001, CIA estimate)

Human Development Index: N/A

Major Exports: livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal

Major Industries and Natural Resources: a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication; uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves

HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults: 0.5% (2007, UNAIDS)

Infant Morality Rate (per 1,000 live births): 90 (2006, WHO)

Maternal Mortality Ratio Adjusted (per 100,000 live births): 1400 (2005, WHO)

Free Trade Agreements: N/A

Tourism: N/A

Arms Imports/Exports: Major conventional weapons imported from Eritrea and unknown countries.

Military Expenditures: 0.9% of GDP (2005, CIA est.)

US Military Personnel: 20 active duty US military personnel (DOD June 30, 2009)

US Military Bases: None

US Aid:

FY 2010 Requested	FY 2009 Estimate*	FY 2008 Actual	FY 2007 Actual	FY 2006 Actual	FY 2005 Actual	FY 2004 Actual	FY 2003 Actual
Military Aid: 67m Economic Aid: 36.27m Total: 103.3m Food Aid: - ESF: 28.27m CSH: 6m IMET: 40,000 NADR: 2m PKO: 67m	Military Aid: 118.6m Economic Aid: 59.1m Total: 177.69m Food Aid: 37.29m ESF: 20.25m CSH: 1.55m PKO: 118.6m P.L. 480: 37.29m	Military Aid: 2.3m Economic Aid: 209.33m Total: 211.6m Food Aid: 197.4m CSH: 748,000m DA: 10.42m PKO: 2.3m NADR: 754,000 P.L. 480: 197.4m	Military Aid: 9.6m Economic Aid: 34.77m Total: 44.37m Food Aid: 24.7m CSH: 500,000 DA: 9.57m PKO: 9.6m P.L. 480: 24.7m	Military Aid: - Economic Aid: 7.91m Total: 7.91m Food Aid: 27.38m DA: 7.91m P.L. 480: 27.38m	Military Aid: - Economic Aid: 5.1m Total: 5.1m Food Aid: 26.29m CSH: 100,000 DA: 5m P.L. 480: 26.29m	Military Aid: - Economic Aid: 999,000 Total: 999,000 Food Aid: 22.8m CSH: 100,000 DA: 899,000 P.L. 480: 22.8m	Military Aid: - Economic Aid: 3.8m Total: 3.8m Food Aid: 136.4m CSH: 250,000 DA: 3.1m NADR-HD: 450,000 P.L. 480: 136.4m

* FY2010 estimates listed here are based on the amounts requested in FY2009.

- Foreign operations appropriation bills were not enacted for FY2007, and Congress instead passed a series of continuing resolution, funding agencies at or near FY2006 levels.

CSH: Child Survival and Health Programs Fund

CSD: Child Survival and Disease Programs Fund

DA: Development Assistance 

NAD/NADR: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs

P.L. 480: Public Law 480 (food aid, not included in total)