Population: 28.396 million

Languages: Afghan Persian or Dari, Pashto, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai)

Religions: Sunni Muslim, Shia Muslim, other 1%

Ethnic Groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch

Capital: Kabul

Date of Independence: August 19, 1919 from Great Britain

Government: Islamic Republic

Last Elections: August 20, 2009 (presidential); September 18, 2005 (parliamentary)

Suffrage: Universal at 18

GDP (PPP): $22.27 billion (2008 est.)

GDP per capita (PPP): $700 (2008 est.)

External Debt: $1.43 billion (2007, World Bank)

Unemployment: 40% (2008, CIA estimate)

Poverty Rate: 53% (2003, CIA estimate)

Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10%: N/A

Gini Index: N/A

Literacy: male 43.1%, female 12.6% (2007)

Human Development Index: 0.352

Major Exports: opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems

Major Industries and Natural Resources: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement, handwoven carpets, natural gas, coal, copper

HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults: <0.1% (2006, UN)

Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births): 165 (2006, WHO)

Maternal Mortality Adjusted Ratio (per 100,000 live births): 1,800 (2005, WHO)

Free Trade Agreements: N/A

Tourism: N/A

Arms Imports/Exports: Major conventional weapons imported from US, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Russia, Slovakia Turkey, Ukraine.
Small arms imported from Albania, Bulgaria, Pakistan.

Military Expenditures: 2.2% percent of GDP (2007, SIPRI)

US Military Personnel: 41,300 active duty US military personnel deployed in and around Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom (DOD March 31, 2009)

US Military Bases: 32 camps, 37 Forward Operating Bases, 15 Fire Bases, 16 airfields and airbases, 28 provincial reconstruction teams  

US Aid:

*FY2009 estimates listed here are based on the amounts requested in FY2008

- Foreign operations appropriation bills were not enacted for FY2007, and Congress instead passed a series of continuing resolution, funding agencies at or near FY2006 levels.
IMET: International Military Education and Training

FMF: Foreign Military Financing

PKO: Peacekeeping Operation

CSH: Child Survival and Health Programs Fund

DA: Development Assistance 
ESF: Economic Support Fund (assists countries making the transition to democracy, supports Middle East peace negotiations, finances economic stabilization programs)

INCLE: International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement

NAD/NADR: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs

NADR-EXBS: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs - Export Control and Related Border Security Assistance (focused on preventing the spread of WMD and advanced conventional weapons)

NADR-ATA: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs - Anti-terrorism Assistance
NADR-CTF: Counterterrorism Financing

NADR-HD: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs - Humanitarian Demining Program

NADR-TIP: Terrorist Interdiction Program

TI: Transitional Initiative

IDA: International Disaster Assistance

P.L. 480: Public Law 480 (food aid, not included in total)

--
All figures in US dollars.

Sources: Unless stated otherwise, data are current CIA estimates from the World Factbook.

Ethnic Groups -- US Department of State

External Debt -- World Bank

Unemployment (age 15+) -- International Labor Organization

Poverty Rate (below $2 a day, unless otherwise stated) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10% (ratio of income or expenditure share) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Gini Index (a scale of 0-100 where 0 equals perfect equality) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Literacy (adult) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Human Development Index (measurement based on life expectancy, education, and GDP index in 2007) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults -- “Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic,” UNAIDS 2008

Infant Mortality Rates – World Health Organization

Maternal Mortality Rates – World Health Organization

Free Trade Agreements -- Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, European Commission

Tourism -- World Tourism Organization

Military Expenditures -- Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

Arms Imports/Exports (1995 to present): Major conventional arms -- Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; Small arms -- The Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers

US Military Personnel -- Defense Manpower Data Centre (DoD), Statistical Information Analysis Section (2009)

US Military Bases -- Global Security

US Aid -- US Department of State Bureau of Resource Management