Population: 83 million

Languages: Arabic (official), Nubian

Religions: Sunni Muslim, Coptic Christian

Ethnic Groups: Arab, Nubian, various smaller groups

Capital: Cairo

Date of Independence: February 28, 1922 from Great Britain

Government: Republic

Last Elections: September 7, 2005 (presidential); November 9, 20, December 1, 2005 (parliamentary)

Suffrage: Universal at 18

GDP (PPP): $442.6 billion (2008 estimate)

GDP Per Capita (PPP): $5,349 (2008 estimate)

External Debt: $30.444388 billion (2007)

Unemployment: 8.9% (2008) [Note: Unemployment data widely believed to be underreported.]

Poverty Rate: 18.4% (2007)

Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10%: 7.2 (2007)

Gini Index: 32.1 (2007)

Literacy: male 74.6%, female 57.8% (2007)

Human Development Index: 0.708 (2007)

Major Exports and Natural Resources: crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc

Major Industries: textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults: less than 0.1% (2007)

Infant Mortality Rates (per 1000 live births): 29 (2006)

Maternal Mortality Adjusted Ratio (per 100,000 live births): 130 (2005)

Free Trade Agreements: EU Association Agreement, in force since June 1, 2004

Tourism: $6.8 billion in receipts, 8.2 million visitors (2005)

Arms Imports/Exports: Major conventional weapons imported from Austria, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Montenegro, Netherlands, Russia, Ukraine, US. Major conventional weapons exported to Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kuwait.

Small arms imported from China, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. Small arms exported to China and Saudi Arabia.

Miscellaneous: Emergency law in effect since 1981.

Military Expenditures: 2.5% of GDP (2007)

US Military Personnel: 279 active duty US military personnel (2009)

US Military Bases: 9 facilities

US Aid:

* - At the time these data were published, final FY 2009 totals were not yet known.

FMF: Foreign Military Financing

IMET: International Military and Economic Training

ESF: Economic Support Fund (assists countries making the transition to democracy, supports Middle East peace negotiations, finances economic stabilization programs)

NAD: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining

NADR-ATA: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs - Anti-terrorism Assistance

NADR-CTF: Counterterrorism Financing

NADR-EXBS: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs - Export Control and Related Border Security Assistance (focused on preventing the spread of WMD and advanced conventional weapons)

Food Aid: Public Law 480

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All figures in US dollars.

Sources: Unless stated otherwise, data are current CIA estimates from the World Factbook.

Ethnic Groups -- US Department of State

External Debt -- World Bank

Unemployment (age 15+) -- International Labor Organization

Poverty Rate (below $2 a day, unless otherwise stated) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10% (ratio of income or expenditure share) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Gini Index (a scale of 0-100 where 0 equals perfect equality) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Literacy (adult) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

Human Development Index (measurement based on life expectancy, education, and GDP index in 2007) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009

HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults -- "Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic," UNAIDS 2008

Infant Mortality Rates – World Health Organization

Maternal Mortality Rates – World Health Organization

Free Trade Agreements -- Office of the U.S. Trade Representative; European Commission

Tourism -- World Tourism Organization

Military Expenditures -- Stockholm International Peace Research Institute