Languages: Amarigna, Oromigna, Tigrigna,
Somaligna, Guaragigna, Sidamigna, Hadiyigna, other,
English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Religions: Christian (Orthodox, Protestant), Muslim, traditional, other
Ethnic Groups: Oromo, Amara, Tigraway, Somalie, Guragie, Sidama, Welaita, other
Capital: Addis Ababa
Date of Independence: Never formally colonized. (Under Italian rule from 1935-1941.)
Government: Federal Republic
Last Elections: October 3, 2007 (presidential), May 15, 2005 (parliamentary)
Suffrage: Universal at 18
GDP: $68.77 billion (2008 estimate)
GDP Per Capita: $800 (2008 estimate)
External Debt: $1.208 billion (2007, World Bank)
Unemployment: 16.7% official rate (2006 estimate)
Poverty Rate: 38.7% (FY05/06 est.)
Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10%: 6.3
Gini Index: 29.8 (2007, UNDP)
Literacy: male 50%, female 22.8% (2007 estimate) Human Development Index: 0.414 (2007, UNDP)
Major Exports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
Major Industries and Natural Resources: food processing, beverages, textiles, leather,
chemicals, metals processing, cement; small reserves of gold, platinum, copper,
potash, natural gas, hydropower
HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults: 2.1% (2007)
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births): 77 (2006, WHO)
Maternal Mortality Adjusted Ratio (per 100,000 live births): 720 (2005, WHO)
Free Trade Agreements: N/A
Tourism: $173 million receipts, 210,000 visitors (2004)
Arms Imports/Exports: Major conventional weapons imported from Czech Republic,
Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Hungary,
USA.
Small arms imported from Bulgaria, China,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Israel, Italy, Kenya,
South Korea, Netherlands, Russia,
South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Taiwan, Uganda,
Ukraine, UK, US, UAE, Turkey,
Japan, India, Belarus.
Military Expenditures: 1.7% of GDP (2007)
US Military Personnel: 10 active duty US military personnel (DOD June 30,
2009)
US Military Bases: In January 2004 Camp United was established for training with Ethiopian military as part of the Global War on Terrorism and a base for the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa. Temporary, but unclear for how long.
US Aid:
FY 2010
Requested
FY 2009
*Estimate
FY 2008
Actual
FY 2007
Actual
FY 2006
Actual
FY 2005
Actual
FY 2004
Actual
FY 2003
Actual
Military Aid: 3.78m
Economic Aid: 542.6m
Total: 546.33m
Food Aid: 40m
DA: 89.5m
FMF: 3m
CHS: 412.6
IMET: 775,000
INCLE: 500,000
P.L. 480: 40m
Military Aid: 1.5m
Economic Aid: 544.2m
Total: 545.7
Food Aid: 97.2m
DA: 80m
FMF: 843,000
CHS: 367m
IMET: 700,000
P.L. 480: 97.2m
Military Aid: 1.4m
Economic Aid: 431.6m
Total: 433m
Food Aid: 501,476
CSH: 393m
DA: 37.1m
FMF: 843,000
IMET: 586,000
NADR: 1m
P.L. 480: 501,476
Military Aid: 2.4m
Economic Aid: 466.5m
Total: 469m
Food Aid: 176.9m
CSH: 33.7m
DA: 26.7m
ESF: 3m
FMF: 1.9m
GHAI: 225m
IMET: 472,000
NADR: 1.15m
P.L. 480: 176.9m
Military Aid: 2.57m
Economic Aid: 182.27m
Total: 184.84m
Food Aid: 123m
CSH: 30.69m
DA: 31.9m
ESF: 9.9m
FMF: 1.98m
GHAI: 109.5m
IMET: 594,000
NADR: 270,000
P.L. 480: 123m
Military Aid: 7.62m
Economic Aid: 126.91m
Total: 134.53m
Food Aid: 330.14m
CSH: 20.09 m
DA: 32.62m
ESF: 3.96 m
FMF: 7.05 m
GHAI: 69.95m
IMET: 572,000
NADR-ATA: 301,000
P.L. 480: 330.14 m
Military Aid: 3m
Economic Aid: 71.2m
Total: 74.3m
Food Aid: 271m
CSH: 33.6m
DA: 18.4m
ESF: 4m
FMF: 2.5m
GHAI: 15.2m
IMET: 542,000
P.L. 480: 271m
Military Aid: 4.2m
Economic Aid: 51.9m
Total: 56m
Food Aid: 352.2m
CSH: 30.8m
DA: 19.7m
ESF: 1.1m
FMF: 4m
IMET: 210,000
NADR-HD: 300,000
P.L. 480: 352.2m
* FY2009
estimates listed here are based on the amounts requested in FY2008
- Foreign operations appropriation bills were not enacted
for FY2007, and Congress instead passed a series of continuing resolution,
funding agencies at or near FY2006 levels.
CSH: Child Survival and Health Programs
CSD: Child Survival and Disease Programs
DA: Development Assistance (supports economic freedom, just rule, and
education)
ESF: Economic Support Fund (assists countries making the transition to
democracy, supports Middle East peace
negotiations, finances economic stabilization programs)
GHAI: Global HIV/AIDS Initiative
FMF: Foreign Military Financing
IMET: International Military Education and Training
NAD/NADR: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs
NADR-ATA: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs -
Anti-terrorism Assistance
NADR-HD: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs -
Humanitarian Demining Program
NADR-TIP: Terrorist Interdiction Program
TI: Transitional Initiatives
P.L. 480: Public Law 480 (food aid, not included in total)
-- All figures in US dollars.
Sources: Unless stated otherwise, data are current CIA estimates from the World Factbook.
Ethnic Groups -- US Department of State
External Debt -- World Bank
Unemployment (age 15+) -- International Labor Organization
Poverty Rate (below $2 a day, unless otherwise stated) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009
Ratio of Richest 10% to Poorest 10% (ratio of income or expenditure share) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009
Gini Index (a scale of 0-100 where 0 equals perfect equality) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009
Literacy (adult) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009
Human
Development Index (measurement based on life expectancy, education, and
GDP index in 2007) -- UNDP Human Development Report 2009
HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Adults -- “Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic,” UNAIDS 2008
Infant Mortality Rates – World Health Organization
Maternal Mortality Rates – World Health Organization
Free Trade Agreements -- Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, European Commission
Tourism -- World Tourism Organization
Military Expenditures -- Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Arms
Imports/Exports (1995 to present): Major conventional arms -- Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute; Small arms -- The Norwegian
Initiative on Small Arms Transfers
US Military Personnel -- Defense Manpower Data Centre (DoD), Statistical Information Analysis Section (2009)
US Military Bases -- Global Security
US Aid -- US Department of State Bureau of Resource Management